Favism is one of the most common inherited blood conditions worldwide. It affects nearly 400 million people globally, with higher prevalence in the Middle East, parts of Africa, Asia, and some Mediterranean countries. (1)


In this article, we’ll explore what favism is, its symptoms, and how to manage it effectively in children.


What Is Favism (G6PD Deficiency)?

Favism is a genetic condition caused by a lack of an enzyme called G6PD (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase). This enzyme helps protect red blood cells from breaking down when exposed to certain triggers like foods (especially fava beans and legumes), some medications, or chemicals.


Children with favism are generally healthy and show no symptoms unless they are exposed to one of these triggers. If exposure happens, their red blood cells can break down very quickly, leading to sudden anemia and jaundice. (3)


What Causes Favism in Children?

Favism is passed from parents to children through genes. The condition is linked to the X chromosome:

  • Boys, who have one X chromosome, only need one faulty gene to develop the condition.
  • Girls, with two X chromosomes, need two copies of the faulty gene to have symptoms. If they only inherit one copy, they are usually carriers — they don’t show symptoms but can pass the condition to their children.

This is why favism is more common in boys than girls. (4)


What Are the Symptoms of Favism in Children?

Most children with favism don’t have symptoms unless exposed to a trigger. When red blood cells break down, symptoms may include:  (3)

  • Pale skin, tiredness, or shortness of breath due to anemia.
  • Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice).
  • Dark-colored urine.
  • Stomach or back pain.
  • Nausea or diarrhea.
  • Fever or extreme fatigue.


In babies, severe jaundice may be one of the first signs of favism.


How Is Favism Diagnosed?

If a child shows symptoms after being exposed to a known trigger, doctors may suspect favism. A simple blood test can confirm the diagnosis and rule out other causes of anemia. (5)


How Is Favism Treated?

There is no cure for favism, but the condition can be managed very well through prevention. Children can live a completely normal life as long as they avoid triggers that cause red blood cells to break down. (5)


Triggers to Avoid:

Foods:

  • Avoid all fava beans and legumes, including products that may contain them like falafel or canned foods.
  • Some children may also need to avoid soy products, blueberries, or tonic water.


Chemicals:

  • Avoid substances like mothballs (naphthalene) and certain dyes.


Medications:

Always consult a doctor or pharmacist before giving your child any medication. Medications to avoid include:

  • Anti-malarial drugs like Primaquine or Chloroquine.
  • Certain antibiotics like Nitrofurantoin, Dapsone, or sulfa drugs.
  • Aspirin.
  • Some over-the-counter painkillers or herbal remedies.





Tip: Always read medication labels carefully and consult your doctor or pharmacist about what’s safe for your child.




Infections:

Any viral or bacterial infection can trigger a reaction, so it’s important to keep up with vaccinations and maintain good hygiene to prevent illness.


What If My Child Has a Severe Episode?

In more serious cases, especially if anemia develops quickly, your child may need hospital care. This might include oxygen, IV fluids, or even a blood transfusion to stabilize their condition. (5)





Need Support or Guidance?

At Al-Ahli Hospital, our experienced pediatricians and hematology specialists offer personalized care plans for children with favism. Contact us for expert guidance and peace of mind.




References